Fluid-pressure apparatus.



T. & W. MOSS.

FLUID PRESSURE APPARATUS. APPLIOATIOH FILED 0OT.29, 1910. 998,376,Patented July 18,1911.

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WHTEEBES E EQ U1"5 Wm W COLUMIIA PLANOGRAFB 60-, WASHINGTON, D- C.

T. &. w, MOSS. FLUID PRESSURE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED OOT. 29,1910.

998,376, Patented July 18, 1911'.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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/ /IIIIIIIIIIII COLUMIIA 'l-ANOGIAPH CO" WASHINGTON, D. C I

' T. & W.. MOSS;

FLUID PRESSURE APPARATUS.-

APPLICATION FILED 001229, 1910.

Patented July 18,1911.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGIAPH C41, WASHINGTON. D. c.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS MOSS, OF PORTSMOUTH, AND WILLIAM MOSS, OF WIGAN, ENGLAND.

FLUID-PRESSURE APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 29, 1910.

Patented July 18, 1911.

Serial No. 589,707.

To all "whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, THOMAS Moss and \VILLIAM Moss, subjects of the Kingof Great Britain, residing at Portsmouth, in the county of Hants, andWVigan, in the county of Lancaster, respectively, both in the Kingdom ofEngland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFluid-Pressure Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fluid pressure apparatus of the type whereinone or more cylinders are used with pistons which both reciprocate andoscillate in the cylinders, said pistons having crank arms rigidlyaffixed to them, while the movements of the pistons in their cylindersserve to open and close inlet and outlet orifices communicating with thecylinders. A device, of this kind designed for use as an engine or pumpis described for instance in the specification of Patent Number 9509 15granted to the present applicants on March 1st, 1910.

The present invention has for its object to provide an improvedconstruction with a simplified form of inlet and outlet ports, and alsoimprovements in the design and arrangement of the apparatus to obtainbalanced pressures and thrusts, and for other purposes as hereinaftermore fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings :Figures 1, 2 and 3 are sectional viewsillustrating a tour cylinder mechanism constructed according to theinvention; Fig. 1 being a sectional elevation taken on the line 11 ofFig. 2; Fig. 2, a sectional plan taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1; andFig. 3, a cross section taken on the line 33 of Fig. 1; Figs. 4- and 5are two sectional elevations at right angles to one another showing asingle-cylinder double-acting apparatus; and Fig. 6 shows a longitudinalsection through the cylinder of Figs. 4 and 5; Fig.7 is a plan viewillustrating a modification of the four cylinder apparatus shown inFigs. 1 to 3; Fig. 8 is a side elevation; and Fig. 9 is a cross sectionof a cylinder constructed according to this invention; Fig. 10 is adiagram showing the form of the ports or embayinents in the piston, thesurface of which latter is shown developed; Figs. 11 and 12 are twoviews showing a particular application of the device according to thepresent invention; Fig. 11 being a section on the line 11-11 of Fig. 12;and Fig. 12, a section on the line 12-12 of Fig. 11.

In the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the device isillustrated as arranged to operate as a four-cylinder pump. There arefour vertically arranged cylinders 13 each containing a double actingpiston 14 which may be hollow ended for instance as shown in Fig. 6, andmay have embayments in it as hereinafter described in connection withFig. 10. Each piston has a crank arm 15 screwed or otherwise fixed mtothe piston at its center part and passing out through an opening at theside of the cylinder through a dish-shaped flange portion 24 as seen inthe plan view, Fig. 2, and in Figs. 8 and 9. 11 are disks or drumsmounted to revolve in a casing 17 which provides supporting surfaces forthe cylindrical parts of the drums 16 near their ends. The casing 17 ismade in two parts, lower and upper as shown, each formed with orcarrying one half of the bearing surfaces for the end parts of the twodrums 16. The two parts of the casing 17 are tied together at the centerby webs 23. The dish-shaped flange portions 24 of the cylinders arebolted on to the sides of the casing 17 opposite the ends of each of thedrums 16. In the middle of the circumference of each drum 16 is formed aring of projecting worm wheel teeth 18 adapted to be engaged by worms 19on a shaft 20 eX- tending horizontally across the top of the casing 17.The shaft 20 may pass through a gland 37 at one end, while its other endmay be formed as at 38 resting in any suitable bearing in the casing.The worms 19 are oppositely threaded, and the worm teeth 18 are outoppositely so that the thrusts due to the drive between the worms andworm wheels of the two drums will tend to balance one another as thesedrums are driven by the worms 19 in opposite directions of rotation. Theworms 19 are preferably double threaded. The lower half of the casing 17forms an oil well in the space marked 25 in Fig. 1 for supplying thegear teeth 18 with lubricant. Each of the drums 16 is formed with twocylindrical apertures parallel with its axis for receiving slidingblocks 21. shaped as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and having gudgeon pins 22therein acting as pivots for the ends of the crank arms 15. The blocks21 work in the cylindrical apertures of the drums 16 from opposite sidesor faces. The blocks 21 of course slide in and out of the cylindricalapertures in the drums 16 as the pistons move up and down, the positionsof the blocks varying as the angularity of the crank arms 15 relative tothe axis of the drums varies.

It will be noticed that the cylindrical apertures in the drums intersectto some extent. This is merely a matter of convenience in making, andcauses no difficulty as the blocks 21 in adjacent cylindrical aperturesnever reach their innermost positions at the same time, and alwaysremain at a little distance fromone another in the drums. The block 21shown at the bottom posit-ion in the lefthand drum 16 in Fig. 1 is thatof the lefthand cylinder at the top of Fig. 2. The other block in thesame drum is then of course the one shown in section in Fig. 2 inconnection with the cylinder at the lefthand bottom corner of thatfigure; for the righthand drum in Fig. 1 the block 21 shown in sectionat the topmost position operates in connection with the cylinder shownat the bottom righthand part of Fig. 2, while the block shown in sectionoperates in connection with the remaining cylinder as seen in thatfigure. v

Assuming that the apparatus is to work as a hydraulic pump it may beexplained that the water enters by orifices 26, Figs. 1 and 3, andreaches a chamber 27 formed in the base of the lower half of the casing17. The chamber 27 extends up the sides of the casing 17 through narrowspaces 28 as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, thus communicating with the faces orends of the drums 16. The water can thus flow from the chamber 27 intoall the flanged casings 24 leading to the cylinders 13. Owing to thisconstruction it will be seen that the fluid pressure on opposite facesof the drums 16 will be the same, or practically the same so that therewill be no end thrust due to the fluid on these drums. The openingsthrough the drums will further insure this. The water is admitted to thecylinders through the crank arm openings in them and through embaymentsdescribed below with reference to Fig. 10, passing through the pistonsto the ends thereof, and being expelled through the embayments andthrough rectangular outlet openings 29 communicating with pipes 30 whichlead to discharge orifices 31.

In Figs. 1 and 2, 32 represents a relief or by-pass valve which isadapted to be lifted by the water pressure in the pipes 30 if apredetermined limit of pressure is exceeded, thus allowing the water toflew back to the inlet chamber 27. The by-pass valve 32 is springcontrolled in the example shown although of course it might be weighted.Tts upper face 33 is larger in area than the rear of the valve proper sothat the valve will lift when the pressure on the excess area of thesurface 33 exceeds the downward pressure of the spring or weight. Theobject of this by-pass valve arrangement is to enable the water fed fromthe pump to be controlled at a distance without risk of damaging thepump or bursting the pipes.

Referring now to Figs. 4, and 6, it will be seen that a single cylinderpump is shown with a horizontal cylinder 13 the arrangement otherwisecorresponding as far as possible with that of Figs. 1, 2 and 3. Theparts are lettered to correspond, and the only important difference isthat the water is admitted through a port 26 in a disk 34 at the side ofthe drum 16 opposite from that at which the flange 24 of the cylinder isattached. The water flows through the space left at 35 in the drum 16 inpassing from one side to the other of the drum. The drum is driven by aworm 19 on the shaft 20 as before, this shaft being shown as having aball thrust hearing at 39 to take the end thrust. 40 is a pulley bywhich the worm shaft 20 is driven. The piston 14 has its ends hollowedor coned inwardly as seen in Fig. 6, and the cylinder may havecorresponding inwardly projecting ends 41.

The construction shown in Fig. 7 differs from that shown in Figs. 1, 2and 3 only in that there are two separate casings 42 instead of thecasing 17 for a pump having four cylinders 13, and there is a separatedisk similar to 16 for each of the cylinders 13, there being two disksin each of the easings 42. The disks are mounted in pairs on shafts 43carrying worm wheels 44 at the center, and a longitudinal shaft 45passing beneath the worm wheels 44 carries worms gearing with thesewheels. The worms and worm wheels are oppositely threaded so as to avoidend thrust on the shaft 45. The shaft 45 therefore corresponds in itsworking with the shaft 20, Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and practically all thathas been done is to split the drums 16 into two parts with a separateworm wheel 44 on the shaft between them, instead of having the wormteeth 18 on the center part of the drums as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

The manner in which the fluid enters the cylinders and is exhaustedtherefrom remains to be described. In Fig. 10 is shown the developmentof a piston surface. be seen that there are two embayments in the pistonone of which is marked 46, 47, and the other 48, 49. The parts 46 and 48are the inlet portions of the embayments, and the parts 47 and 49 arethe outlet portions. The circle at the center represents the crank arm15. The dotted part 50 of approximately oval shape represents the formof the opening at the inlet side of the cylinder 13 through which thecrank arm 15 works. The dotted rectangles 51 represent two halves of theexhaust opening 29 of the cylinder which opening is rectangular inshape. The piston is solid at the center, but is hollow at the ends asseen in Fig. 6. The left hand end of the part 47 of the upper einbaymentin Fig. 10 is comparatively shallow and does not go through to theinterior of the piston at this end. The right-hand ends of the parts 46and 47 of the embayinent are however, cut in beyond the line 52 (whichrepresents the righthand edge of the center part of the piston), so thatthe parts 46 and 47 communicate with the interior of the righthand endof the piston. The line 53 similarly represents the lefthand end of thecenter part of the piston, and it will be seen that the parts 48 and 49of the other embayment open into the lefthand end only of the piston.The arrow 54 represents the direction in which the crank arm 15 ismoving at the moment relatively to the dotted opening 50. At the instantchosen none of the parts of the embayments are open either to the inletor exhaust. Directly after the arm 15 has moved a little however, thecurved head 55 of the part 46 of the upper embayment will pass over theedge of 50, and will admit fluid through 46 into the righthand end ofthe piston and cylinder. At the same time the lower lefthand edge of thepart 49 of the lower embayment will be moving over 51 thus allowing theliquid from the lefthand end of the cylinder to be expelled through theexhaust opening. The admission continues until just before the pin 15reaches the dotted position 57 when the curved edge 56 of the einbayment46 will have just moved out of the area 50. The part 49 of the lowerembaynient will also then have just left the outlet aperture 51. Duringthe return stroke of the piston the admission and ex haust will bereversed, the part 48 admitting to the lefthand end of the piston andcylin- (ler while the part 47 exhaust from the righthand end. The part46 is shown connected to the part 47 by a neck or slot, and the part 48is similarly connected to the part 49. This is not essential as thisneck could be closed without altering the working of the device. Thehead 55 of the em- It will bayment 46, and the corresponding head 58 ofthe embayment 48 may be enlarged slightly if required to give lead inadmission. Also the edge 56 of the embayment 46 and the correspondingedge 59 of the embayment 48 may be out back more if required to give anearlier cut-01f before the end of the stroke. The curves 56 and 59 mustof course correspond with the curves of the opening 50 where they moveaway from this latter.

Figs. 11 and 12 show a pump of a type such as that shown in Figs. 1 to3, modified in some respects to adapt it to be driven by an engine of atype such as that forming the subject of our Patent Number 950945hereinbefore mentioned. The disks 16 are in this case formed with spurteeth 61 which gear together, and each disk also has bevel teeth formedon it at 62, gearing with bevel pinions 63 on the lower ends of verticalshafts 64. The shafts 64 are attached to disks 65 in which work slidingblocks 66 bearing the pivots 67 for the crank arms 69 of pistons 68working in cylinders 70. These cylinders may receive steam, compressedair or other fluid under pressure through inlets at 71, the exhaustbeing through outlets at 72. The casing of the pump is extended upwardat 73 to carry the disks 66 and the casting 74 bearing the cylinders 7O. The manner in which the engine pistons 68 operate to drive the disks65 will be well understood from the specification of the former patentabove referred to, and it will be evident that the drive from the disks65 will be transmitted through the pinions 63 and bevel wheels to thedisks 16 of the pump. Of course any other suitable form of engine mightbe used to drive the pump, either through the mechanism shown in Figs.11 and 12 or through any other suitable mechanism or gearing,

With pumps constructed as hereinbefore described it is possible to Workwith water under pressure from a suitable source such as a streethydrant, and to use the pump for adding to this pressure; the pumps willtherefore be useful. for fire engines and so forth where it is desiredto increase the pressure of supply. When the pump is used for fireengine purposes, with a hose pipe leading to a nozzle at a distance, thenozzle may have a stop tap which will enable the fireman to control. theamount of water from the nozzle, while if the pump is working fastenough to supply more water the bypass valve 32, F 1, will be opened asbefore stated to allow the water to circulate in the pump. The pump maytherefore be continuously worked although the supply taken from it isvarying or is even intermittent. A pump made as hereinbefore describedWill occupy very little space in comparison with the work which it willdo. It is possible to run the pump at a comparatively high speed becausethere are no clack valves or the like which would take time to moveautomatically, and would therefore limit the speed. The pumps may bemade as hereinbefore described with any desired number of cylinders, andit has been found experimentally that a pump of this type will supplyslightly more water than would be expected from the volume of eachcylinder because apparently the water in the embayments becomes thrownout by its inertia at the end of each stroke.

It will be evident that. the constructions hereinbefore described aresuitable for fluid pressure engines as well as for pumps. The heads 55and 58 of the embayments 46 and 47 could be extended if required to giveany necessary amount of lead, and the parts 47 and 49 could also be cutas desired to vary the period of opening and closing the exhaust. Theexhaust apertures 29 need not necessarily be rectangular as shown and ifthey were oval or circular for example the ends of the exhaust portions4L7 and 4L9 of the embayments might be shaped to correspond. The partsL? and 49 might also be curved 'if required instead of being straight asshown, the curvature corresponding for example to the curved path ofmovement of a point on the surface of the piston. Of course if theapparatus were used as an engine the pistons would drive the drums 16,and these would have to be geared in such a way to a shaft that theycould transmit power thereto. This can be readily done if required andneeds no further description. The pistons can be packed in any suitableway as for instance by packing rings 60, Fig. 6; or they might havescrewed-on ends containing packing rings. The cylinders might also haveflat ends instead of inwardly dished ends tl in case the apparatus wasto be used as a liquid pump because it is not so important in such casesto expel all the liquid at each stroke. For a fluid pressure enginehowever, working with steam or compressed air, the inwardly dished ends41 would be needed with hollow ended pistons as shown.

e declare that what we claim is 1. In combination, a piston having twoapertures or embayments in its circumference communicating with oppositeends of .the piston, each embayment having a head portion connected by aneck to a long rear portion, an arm projecting from the piston betweenthe heads of the two embayments, a cylinder adapted to receive thepiston and having an aperture through which the said arm works, andhaving also a second aperture, means operating with the said arm andcausing the piston to move longitudinally and also to oscillatecircumferentially in the cylinder, the parts being so formed that in thesaid movement the head portions of the embayments alternately becomeexposed to the opening in the cylinder through which the said arm worksand the long rear portions of the embayments alternately become exposedto the second opening in the cylinder, means for conveying a fluid tothe opening through which the arm works, and means for carrying awayfluid from the sec- .ond opening in the cylinder.

2. In combination, a piston having a central disk portion with acylindrical portion extending at each side thereof, and having twoapertures or embayments in the cylindrical portion, opening respectivelyinto the piston at opposite sides of the central, disk, each embaymenthaving a head portion and a long rear portion, an arm attached to andprojecting from the piston between the two head portions of theembayments, a cylinder adapted to receive the piston and having twoopenings therein through the first of which the projecting arm works,means operating with the said arm, whereby the piston is caused toreciprocate longitudinally and at the same time to oscillatecircumferentially in the cylinder, whereby also the heads of theembayments are brought alternately under the opening through which thearm works, while the rear portions of the embayments are broughtalternately under the second opening in the cylinder, means forconveying fluid to the opening in the cylinder through which the armworks, and means for carrying away fluid from the second opening in thecylinder.

3. In combination, four cylinders, a rotating member adjacent to eachcylinder, shafts directly connecting the said rotating members in pairs,worm wheels on said shafts, a worm shaft, whereby the said worm wheelsare driven, the worms and worm wheels being cut to rotate simultaneouslyin opposite directions for the purpose of balancing the thrusts thereonone against the other, a piston in each cylinder and a projecting armthereon working through an aperture in the cylinder, means connectingthe said arm to the rotating member adja cent to the cylinder, wherebythe piston is caused to move longitudinally and to oscillate at the sametime circumferentially in its cylinder as the member is rotated, twoembayments in each piston communicating respectively with the oppositeends thereof, and having head portions adapted to be exposed alternatelyat the opening of the cylincler through which the arm Works and havingalso rear portions, an outlet on the cylinder adapted to communicatealternately with the rear portions of the embayments as the piston movesin the cylinder, and means for conveying a fluid to the openings of thecylinders through Which the said arms Work.

In Witness whereof, We have hereunto signed our names this 12th and 10thday of October 1.910 respectively, in the presence of the subscribingWitnesses.

THOMAS MOSS. WILLIAM MOSS. \Vitnesses as to Thomas Moss: 1

HARVEY J. BOWERSTOCK, CHARLES JACK. \Vitnesses as to William Moss:

7M. PIERCE, H. WATSON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

